Cytopathic effects (CPEs) refer to the structural changes in host cells that are caused by viral invasion. These changes can include cell lysis, rounding, detachment, and the formation of inclusion bodies. In histological examinations, CPEs are crucial indicators of viral infection. For example, the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes large basophilic intranuclear inclusions, which are easily identifiable under a microscope.
