Cancer: Histological examination can identify
cancerous cells with features such as increased nuclear size, irregular borders, and abnormal mitotic figures. Different types of cancers, such as
carcinomas and
sarcomas, exhibit distinct histological patterns.
Inflammation: Acute and chronic inflammation are characterized by the presence of
inflammatory cells like neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. Specific patterns, such as granulomas in
tuberculosis, can help diagnose the underlying cause.
Infections: Histology can reveal infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi) and their effects on tissues. For instance, viral inclusions or fungal hyphae may be visible in infected tissues.
Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like
lupus and
rheumatoid arthritis show characteristic histological features, including immune complex deposition and tissue destruction.
