What are Common Histological Markers of Redox Status?
Several histological markers and techniques are used to assess redox status in tissues. These include:
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) detection: ROS are by-products of redox reactions and can be detected using specific dyes and fluorescent probes. Antioxidant enzymes: Enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase are markers of the cell's antioxidant defense mechanisms. Lipid peroxidation: Measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) levels indicates lipid peroxidation, a consequence of oxidative stress. Protein carbonylation: The presence of carbonyl groups in proteins serves as a marker of oxidative damage to proteins.
