In Vitro Differentiation: This involves culturing stem cells under conditions that induce differentiation into various cell types. Teratoma Formation: Injecting stem cells into immunocompromised mice to form teratomas (tumors containing multiple tissue types) can indicate pluripotency. Chimera Formation: Introducing stem cells into a developing embryo to see if they integrate and contribute to various tissues. Marker Analysis: Using molecular markers specific to different cell types to identify differentiated cells.
