How is iron homeostasis disrupted and what are the consequences?

Disruptions in iron homeostasis can lead to several health conditions:

Iron Deficiency Anemia: This condition arises from inadequate iron intake or absorption, leading to reduced hemoglobin synthesis and impaired oxygen transport. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and pallor.
Hereditary Hemochromatosis: A genetic disorder causing excessive iron absorption and accumulation in tissues, leading to organ damage. Symptoms may include joint pain, liver disease, and diabetes.
Anemia of Chronic Disease: Chronic inflammation or infection can increase hepcidin levels, reducing iron availability for erythropoiesis and resulting in anemia.