Heterogeneity is studied using a combination of histological techniques and advanced imaging. Traditional methods include tissue staining and microscopy, which allow for the visualization of cellular and morphological differences. Advanced techniques like immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization enable the identification of specific proteins and genetic material within tissues, providing insights into functional heterogeneity. Additionally, modern approaches such as single-cell RNA sequencing and multiplex imaging offer high-resolution data on cellular diversity and tissue complexity.
