How is energy storage regulated at the cellular level?
Energy storage is tightly regulated by hormonal and enzymatic controls. Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis and lipid uptake, while glucagon and epinephrine stimulate glycogenolysis and lipolysis. Enzymes like glycogen synthase and hormone-sensitive lipase are key regulators of these processes. Additionally, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as an energy sensor, activating pathways that generate ATP and inhibiting those that consume it when cellular energy is low.
