Testing for biocompatibility involves several stages, including in vitro tests, in vivo tests, and clinical trials.
In vitro tests are conducted in a controlled environment outside a living organism, such as cell cultures, to assess cytotoxicity. In vivo tests involve studying the interaction of the material with living organisms, usually animal models, to observe any adverse reactions. Clinical trials are the final stage where the material is tested in human subjects to ensure its safety and efficacy.
