Binding specificity can be achieved through several methods: 1. Antibody Production: Monoclonal antibodies are produced to bind specific antigens with high affinity. 2. Probe Design: Oligonucleotide probes are designed to hybridize with specific DNA or RNA sequences. 3. Blocking Agents: Non-specific binding sites are blocked using agents like bovine serum albumin (BSA) or normal serum. 4. Optimized Conditions: Adjusting conditions such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength to favor specific interactions.
