In histological studies, apoptosis can be detected using several methods. TUNEL assay (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) is a common technique that identifies DNA fragmentation, a hallmark of apoptosis. Additionally, specific markers such as caspases, particularly caspase-3, can be identified using immunohistochemistry. Morphological changes such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and the formation of apoptotic bodies can be observed using light and electron microscopy.
