Upon activation by TLRs or IL-1Rs, MyD88 recruits other signaling molecules, such as IRAK (IL-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase) and TRAF6 (TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6), to form a signaling complex. This complex initiates a cascade leading to the activation of NF-κB (Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and MAPKs (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases), which are essential for the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other immune response genes.
