Heterotaxy frequently involves congenital heart defects (CHDs), which can be complex and multifaceted. The histological analysis of the heart in heterotaxy patients often reveals structural anomalies such as: - Atrial and ventricular septal defects - Malformations of the cardiac valves - Abnormalities in the positioning and attachment of the great vessels
These defects can result in altered blood flow patterns, which may be reflected histologically by myocardial hypertrophy or other compensatory changes in the cardiac muscle tissue.
