The basic principle of electrophoresis involves applying an electric field to a gel matrix. Molecules within a sample are loaded into wells at one end of the gel. When the electric field is applied, the molecules migrate through the gel toward the electrode of opposite charge. Smaller molecules move faster and travel further than larger ones, allowing separation based on size. Different types of gels, such as agarose and polyacrylamide, can be used depending on the specific application.
