Cancer is often characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation. Mutations in genes regulating the cell cycle, such as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, lead to unchecked growth. Histological examination of tumors often reveals high proliferation indices, which can guide prognosis and treatment strategies. Targeting proliferation pathways, such as those involving the cyclin D1 or the retinoblastoma protein, is a focus of cancer therapy development.
