The operation of a TEM involves several key steps: 1. Electron Source: Electrons are emitted from a tungsten filament or a field emission gun. 2. Electron Beam: The electrons are accelerated and focused into a fine beam using electromagnetic lenses. 3. Specimen Interaction: The electron beam passes through a very thin specimen (usually less than 100 nanometers thick). 4. Image Formation: Electrons that pass through the specimen are either scattered or transmitted, forming an image on a fluorescent screen or a digital camera.
