TILs are critical to the success of cancer immunotherapy. For instance, therapies like checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4) rely on the presence of TILs to be effective. The reactivation of these infiltrating lymphocytes can lead to enhanced anti-tumor responses. Additionally, TILs can be harvested from a patient's tumor, expanded in vitro, and reinfused as a form of adoptive cell therapy.
