Cohesin regulators function through a complex interplay of biochemical modifications and protein interactions. For example, ESCO1/ESCO2 acetylate SMC3, which promotes the stable binding of cohesin to DNA. PDS5 and WAPL then modulate this binding, ensuring that cohesin is released at the right time during cell division. SORORIN acts as a counterbalance to WAPL, ensuring that cohesin remains bound to chromatin until the appropriate phase of the cell cycle.
