Biosensors typically consist of three main components: a bioreceptor, a transducer, and an electronic system. The bioreceptor is a biological material, such as an enzyme, antibody, or nucleic acid, that interacts with the target analyte. The transducer converts this interaction into a measurable signal, often involving changes in optical, electrochemical, or thermal properties. The electronic system processes and displays this signal, providing quantitative or qualitative data.
