To be useful in histological applications, QDs need to be coated and functionalized to ensure biocompatibility and specificity. Coating involves covering the QD with a layer of molecules, which can include polymers or silica, to protect the core and enhance solubility in aqueous solutions. Functionalization refers to adding specific molecules—such as antibodies, peptides, or nucleic acids—to the surface, allowing the QDs to bind selectively to target cells or tissues.
