Hemoglobinopathies are primarily classified into two categories: structural hemoglobin variants and thalassemias. Structural hemoglobin variants, such as Sickle Cell Disease (HbS) and Hemoglobin C (HbC), result from mutations that alter the amino acid sequence of the hemoglobin protein. Thalassemias, such as Alpha-Thalassemia and Beta-Thalassemia, are characterized by reduced or absent production of one of the globin chains that make up hemoglobin.
