Gene knockouts can be created using several techniques. Traditional methods include homologous recombination, where a piece of DNA with a selectable marker replaces the target gene. More recently, CRISPR-Cas9 technology has revolutionized gene editing due to its precision and efficiency. The CRISPR-Cas9 system uses a guide RNA to direct the Cas9 enzyme to the specific gene sequence, where it introduces a double-strand break, leading to gene inactivation.
