Histological detection of arterial plaques involves staining techniques that highlight different components of the plaque. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is commonly used to observe the general morphology of the plaque. Other stains such as Oil Red O or Sudan IV can be used to identify lipid deposits, while Masson's trichrome stain can highlight collagen fibers. Immunohistochemical staining can also be employed to detect specific cell types and proteins within the plaque.