Transforming Growth Factor β (tgf β) - Histology

What is Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β)?

Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that belongs to a superfamily of proteins involved in various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. It plays a fundamental role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and modulating the immune response.

How does TGF-β function at the cellular level?

TGF-β exerts its effects through binding to specific receptor complexes on the cell surface. This binding initiates a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways, predominantly the SMAD pathway. Upon activation, SMAD proteins translocate to the nucleus where they regulate the transcription of target genes.

What are the sources of TGF-β?

TGF-β is secreted by a variety of cell types including platelets, macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. It is often produced in a latent form that requires activation before it can interact with its receptors.

What role does TGF-β play in tissue repair and fibrosis?

TGF-β is crucial in the tissue repair process by promoting the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin. However, its persistent activation can lead to fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which can impair organ function.

How is TGF-β involved in cancer biology?

TGF-β has a dual role in cancer. In early stages, it acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. In later stages, however, it can promote tumor progression by enhancing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis.

What are the therapeutic implications of TGF-β?

Given its involvement in numerous pathologies, TGF-β is a target for therapeutic intervention. Inhibitors of TGF-β signaling are being explored for the treatment of fibrotic diseases and cancer. However, due to its complex role in various biological processes, therapeutic strategies need to be carefully balanced to avoid adverse effects.

How is TGF-β studied in Histology?

In Histology, TGF-β can be studied using immunohistochemical techniques to visualize its expression in tissues. Additionally, in situ hybridization can be used to detect TGF-β mRNA. These methods help in understanding the distribution and role of TGF-β in different tissue contexts.

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Recent advances and molecular mechanisms of TGF-β signaling in colorectal cancer, with focus on bioactive compounds targeting.

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[Terminalia chebula water extract reduces joint inflammation by regulating cellular immunity in spleen cells of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats through up-regulation of PD-1/PD-L1].

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Potential of αvβ6 and αvβ1 integrin inhibition for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

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MicroRNA expression in JAG1/Notch-activated periodontal ligament stem cells.

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Disrupting Smad3 potentiates immunostimulatory function of NK cells against lung carcinoma by promoting GM-CSF production.

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Desmethylclomipramine triggers mitochondrial damage and death in TGF-β-induced mesenchymal type of A549 cells.

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Novel Small Molecule ROCK2 Inhibitor GNS-3595 Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis in Preclinical Studies.

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Lysine acetyltransferase 14 mediates TGF-β-induced fibrosis in ovarian endometrioma via co-operation with serum response factor.

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DOT1L maintains NK cell phenotype and function for optimal tumor control.

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Deciphering hepatoma cell resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: insights from a Liver-on-a-Chip model unveiling tumor endothelial cell mechanisms.

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The TGFβ Induced MicroRNAome of the Trabecular Meshwork.

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Hox gene activity directs physical forces to differentially shape chick small and large intestinal epithelia.

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Rutin reduces inflammation and fibrosis via TGF-β/SMAD pathways in IgA nephropathy induced rats.

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ASPP2 Upregulation as a Novel Approach to TGF-β2-Induced Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy and .

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Transforming growth factor-β micro-environment mediated immune cell functions in cervical cancer.

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TGF-β-induced lncRNA TBUR1 promotes EMT and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma via hnRNPC-mediated GRB2 mRNA stabilization.

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The role of protein prenylation inhibition through targeting FPPS by zoledronic acid in the prevention of renal fibrosis in rats.

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Commitment of human mesenchymal stromal cells towards ACL fibroblast differentiation upon rAAV-mediated FGF-2 and TGF-β overexpression using pNaSS-grafted PCL films.

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Role of Myostatin in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review of the Clinical Impact.

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