What is S100 Protein?
S100 proteins are a family of low-molecular-weight proteins characterized by two
calcium-binding motifs known as EF-hands. They are found in high abundance in the
cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cell types and are involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation.
What is the Role of S100 Protein in Histology?
In the context of histology, S100 protein is often used as a
marker for specific cell types in various diagnostic applications. For example, it can be used to identify
neural tissue, melanomas, and certain types of
sarcomas. The presence of S100 protein is typically detected using immunohistochemical staining techniques.
How is S100 Protein Detected in Tissue Samples?
S100 protein can be detected in tissue samples using
immunohistochemistry (IHC). This involves the use of specific antibodies that bind to S100 proteins, which can then be visualized using various staining methods. The stained tissues can be examined under a microscope to determine the presence and distribution of S100 protein.
What are Future Directions for S100 Protein Research?
Research on S100 proteins continues to evolve, with studies exploring their role in
cancer progression, inflammation, and other diseases. Understanding the precise functions of different S100 proteins could lead to new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Advances in
proteomics and other technologies are likely to provide deeper insights into the diverse roles of S100 proteins in health and disease.
