Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) - Histology

What is Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG)?

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a protein that is specifically located on the surface of oligodendrocytes and the outermost layer of myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS). It is a minor component of the myelin sheath but plays a significant role in the immune response related to the CNS.

Where is MOG found in the CNS?

MOG is predominantly found in the myelin sheath, which insulates axons to facilitate the rapid transmission of electrical signals. It is expressed on the outermost surface of the myelin sheath and on the cell membrane of oligodendrocytes.

What is the function of MOG?

Although MOG constitutes less than 0.05% of the total myelin proteins, it is crucial for the structural integrity of the myelin sheath. It is involved in cell-cell interactions and may play a role in myelin assembly and maintenance. Additionally, MOG is believed to be involved in immune regulation within the CNS.

How is MOG related to diseases?

MOG is a target antigen in various demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD). The presence of antibodies against MOG (anti-MOG antibodies) is used as a biomarker in diagnosing these conditions. The immune system mistakenly attacks MOG, leading to demyelination and subsequent neurological deficits.

How is MOG detected in Histology?

In histological studies, MOG can be detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. Specific antibodies against MOG are used to stain tissue sections, allowing for the visualization of its distribution and localization within the CNS. This is particularly useful in research and diagnostic settings to understand the extent of demyelination and the involvement of MOG in various pathologies.

What is the significance of MOG in research?

MOG is extensively studied in the context of autoimmune diseases and CNS pathology. Understanding its role helps in elucidating the mechanisms underlying demyelinating diseases and developing therapeutic strategies. Research on MOG also contributes to the knowledge of myelin biology and the complex interactions between the immune system and CNS.

Are there any therapeutic approaches targeting MOG?

Therapeutic strategies targeting MOG are being explored, particularly in autoimmune demyelinating diseases. These include the development of monoclonal antibodies to neutralize anti-MOG antibodies, immunomodulatory drugs, and tolerization therapies aimed at reducing the immune response against MOG. Understanding the precise role of MOG in these diseases is crucial for designing effective treatments.

Relevant Publications

Central nervous system-derived extracellular vesicles: the next generation of neural circulating biomarkers?

Issue Release: 2024

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Can immune tolerance be reestablished?

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Uncovering the Diagnostic Challenge of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease: A Case Study of Acute Bilateral Vision Loss.

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Rituximab Therapy for Double Seronegative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease.

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Akt2 deficiency impairs Th17 differentiation, augments Th2 differentiation, and alters the peripheral response to immunization.

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Therapeutic role of interferon-γ in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is mediated through a tolerogenic subset of splenic CD11b myeloid cells.

Issue Release: 2024

Assessing the applicability of the 2023 international MOGAD panel criteria in real-world clinical settings.

Issue Release: 2024

Clinical, Demographic, and Radiological Characteristics of Patients Demonstrating Antibodies Against Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein.

Issue Release: 2024

Prevalence of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies across neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.

Issue Release: 2024

Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression in neurons of the central nervous system through inhibition of histone deacetylases blocks the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Issue Release: 2024

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Antibody Associated Disease: An Updated Review of the Clinical Spectrum, Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Management.

Issue Release: 2024

Novel Genetic Variants Distinguishing Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-IgG-Positive From Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-IgG-Negative Pediatric Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Northern China.

Issue Release: 2024

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) Antibody-Associated Optic Neuritis - A Case Report and Literature Review.

Issue Release: 2024

Lactate Dehydrogenase-Elevating Virus Infection Inhibits MOG Peptide Presentation by CD11b+CD11c+ Dendritic Cells in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

Issue Release: 2024

Visual Function Improvement after Plasma Exchange Therapy for Acute Optic Neuritis in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: Case Series and Review.

Issue Release: 2024

Peripheral Retinal Haemorrhages in a Patient with MOG-Associated Optic Neuritis.

Issue Release: 2024

Selected cannabis cultivars modulate glial activation: in vitro and in vivo studies.

Issue Release: 2024

Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-IgG) in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Issue Release: 2024

Clinical Usefulness of a Cell-based Assay for Detecting Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibodies in Central Nervous System Inflammatory Disorders.

Issue Release: 2024

The orphan G protein-coupled receptor 141 expressed in myeloid cells functions as an inflammation suppressor.

Issue Release: 2024

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