The ectoderm differentiates into two main parts: the surface ectoderm and the neuroectoderm. The surface ectoderm gives rise to structures such as the epidermis of the skin, hair, nails, and the lens of the eye. The neuroectoderm forms the neural tube, which subsequently develops into the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain and spinal cord. Additionally, the neural crest cells, which originate from the ectoderm, contribute to the formation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
