The alveolar walls are composed of several key components:
Type I pneumocytes: These are flat epithelial cells that cover about 95% of the alveolar surface area. Their thinness facilitates rapid gas exchange. Type II pneumocytes: These cuboidal cells are responsible for the production of surfactant, a substance that reduces surface tension within the alveoli, preventing collapse. Capillaries: Dense networks of capillaries are embedded within the alveolar walls, allowing close proximity between air and blood for efficient gas exchange. Interstitium: This is the thin layer of connective tissue that provides structural support to the alveolar walls. It contains elastin and collagen fibers, which provide elasticity and strength.
