The presence of Auer rods is particularly significant in the diagnosis and classification of AML. They are most commonly associated with the M1, M2, M3 (acute promyelocytic leukemia), and M4 subtypes of AML, according to the French-American-British (FAB) classification system. Their presence suggests a myeloid lineage and can help differentiate AML from other types of leukemia. Additionally, in the case of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), the identification of Auer rods can be a critical diagnostic indicator and may prompt the initiation of specific treatments like all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA).
