RNA Extraction: RNA is isolated from tissue samples using techniques such as homogenization and centrifugation. Reverse Transcription: The extracted RNA is converted into cDNA using reverse transcriptase enzymes. PCR Amplification: The cDNA is then amplified using specific primers and a DNA polymerase enzyme through cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension. Detection and Quantification: The amplified DNA is detected and quantified, often using fluorescent dyes or probes in real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).
