There are two primary pathways for repairing DSBs: homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). HR is a high-fidelity repair process that uses a sister chromatid as a template for repair and primarily occurs during the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. NHEJ, on the other hand, is more error-prone and involves directly ligating the broken DNA ends together without a template, making it the predominant repair mechanism in the G1 phase.
