- Complex Sample Preparation: Preparing tissue samples for SPR analysis can be complex and time-consuming. - Surface Binding Limitations: SPR is most effective for studying interactions occurring at or near the sensor surface, which may not represent the entire tissue context. - Limited Depth of Penetration: The technique is sensitive only to interactions occurring within a few hundred nanometers of the sensor surface. - Potential Non-Specific Binding: Non-specific binding can sometimes complicate the interpretation of SPR data, necessitating careful experimental design and control experiments.