What are the Cellular Responses to Particulate Matter?
Cells exposed to particulate matter often exhibit several responses, including:
- Inflammation: Increased production of inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of immune cells. - Oxidative Stress: Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to cellular damage. - Apoptosis: Programmed cell death as a result of severe damage. - Autophagy: Cellular process to degrade and recycle damaged components.
