The cellular mechanisms behind dilation often involve the relaxation of smooth muscle cells. This relaxation is mediated by several biochemical pathways, including the cyclic GMP pathway, which is activated by nitric oxide. Endothelial cells lining the blood vessels play a significant role by releasing vasodilatory substances. Additionally, ion channels in smooth muscle cells contribute to the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, which in turn affect muscle contraction and relaxation.
