Biomonitoring has several applications in public health and clinical practice: - Environmental Health: Identifying populations at risk from environmental exposures and guiding regulatory actions. - Occupational Health: Monitoring workers exposed to hazardous substances to prevent occupational diseases. - Clinical Diagnostics: Identifying biomarkers for early detection of diseases and monitoring treatment efficacy. - Epidemiological Studies: Understanding the distribution and determinants of health and disease conditions in specific populations.