Several specialized techniques enhance histological analysis, including:
Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Uses antibodies to detect specific proteins within tissue sections, aiding in the identification of cellular markers and disease states. In situ hybridization (ISH): Allows for the localization of specific nucleic acid sequences within tissues, useful in identifying genetic disorders and infections. Electron microscopy: Provides ultrastructural details at a much higher resolution than light microscopy, essential for studying cellular organelles and complex tissue structures.
