Some of the key types of signaling proteins include:
G-proteins: These proteins bind guanine nucleotides and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli to initiate a cellular response. Cytokines: These are small proteins crucial for cell signaling, especially in immune responses. Growth factors: These proteins are essential for regulating cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Transcription factors: These proteins help regulate the transcription of specific genes, thereby controlling cellular activities. Enzymes: Many signaling pathways involve enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions, such as kinases and phosphatases.
