What are Some Common Developmental Anomalies and Their Histological Features?
Spina Bifida Spina bifida is a neural tube defect resulting from the incomplete closure of the neural tube during embryogenesis. Histologically, it is characterized by the presence of an open spinal canal and exposed neural tissue, which can lead to severe neurological impairments.
Tetralogy of Fallot Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that includes four anatomical abnormalities: ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an overriding aorta. Histological examination often reveals thickened myocardial walls and malformations of the heart valves and septa.
Cleft Palate Cleft palate is a developmental anomaly where the roof of the mouth fails to close completely. Histologically, it is characterized by an absence of continuity in the palatal shelves, which can affect both the hard and soft palate and lead to difficulties in feeding and speech.
