- Trypan Blue Exclusion: This dye is excluded by viable cells but penetrates dead cells, allowing for easy differentiation under a microscope. - MTT Assay: Measures the metabolic activity of cells; viable cells reduce MTT to a purple formazan product. - Fluorescent Dyes: Such as propidium iodide (PI) and calcein AM, which can differentiate between live and dead cells based on membrane integrity and esterase activity.
