Surface area can be increased through several structural adaptations:
Microvilli: Finger-like projections found on the epithelial cells, especially in the small intestine, that significantly increase the absorptive surface area. Villi: Larger, finger-like projections in the small intestine that further enhance surface area for nutrient absorption. Alveoli: Tiny sacs in the lungs that provide a large surface area for gas exchange. Cristae: Folded inner membranes of mitochondria that increase the surface area for ATP production.
