Stability in histological samples is achieved through a combination of fixation, embedding, and storage techniques.
Fixation Fixation is the first step in preserving tissue samples. It involves using chemicals, such as formaldehyde, to stabilize the proteins and cellular structures. This process halts enzymatic degradation and autolysis, effectively "freezing" the tissue in its current state.
Embedding After fixation, tissues are embedded in a solid medium, usually paraffin wax, which provides support for thin sectioning. Embedding ensures that the tissue remains stable and intact during the sectioning process, allowing for the creation of thin slices that can be mounted on slides and stained for microscopic examination.
Storage Proper storage conditions are essential for maintaining tissue stability over time. Tissues embedded in paraffin can be stored at room temperature for years, while frozen sections need to be kept at ultra-low temperatures to prevent degradation.
