Mitochondrial proliferation is regulated by several key factors and signaling pathways. Key regulatory proteins include PGC-1α (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha), which activates transcription factors like NRF1 and NRF2, promoting the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. Additionally, signaling pathways such as the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) pathway and mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathway play significant roles in regulating mitochondrial proliferation in response to cellular energy status and nutrient availability.
