The diagnosis of celiac disease involves a combination of serological tests and histological examination. Serological tests look for specific antibodies, such as anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA). However, a definitive diagnosis is often confirmed through a biopsy of the small intestine.
During a biopsy, tissue samples are taken from the duodenum and examined under a microscope. Pathologists look for the characteristic histological changes mentioned earlier, such as villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and intraepithelial lymphocytosis.
