The termination of calcium signaling is as crucial as its initiation. Calcium ions are removed from the cytosol through various mechanisms, including active transport back into the ER or SR via calcium ATPases (SERCA), extrusion from the cell by plasma membrane calcium ATPases (PMCA), and sodium-calcium exchangers (NCX). These mechanisms ensure the restoration of basal calcium levels and prevent continuous activation of calcium-dependent pathways.
