TUDCA functions by stabilizing the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and reducing ER stress. ER stress is a condition where misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR). By alleviating ER stress, TUDCA helps in maintaining cellular homeostasis and prevents apoptosis. Additionally, TUDCA can enhance mitochondrial function and attenuate oxidative stress, further contributing to cell survival.
