The niche regulates stem cell behavior through various mechanisms:
Cell-to-cell interactions: Direct contact with supporting cells provides essential signals for stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Signaling pathways: Pathways such as Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog play vital roles in controlling stem cell fate decisions. Hypoxia: Low oxygen levels within the niche can maintain stem cell quiescence and enhance their regenerative potential. Metabolic cues: The metabolic state of the niche can influence stem cell function, with factors like glucose and lipid availability playing significant roles.
