Mechanical trauma causes a cascade of cellular and molecular responses. Initially, the trauma leads to immediate damage to the tissue architecture. This is followed by inflammation, which serves to contain the injury and initiate repair. The affected cells may undergo necrosis or apoptosis, depending on the severity of the trauma. Histologically, damaged tissue may show disrupted cell membranes, cytoplasmic swelling, nuclear fragmentation, and extracellular matrix degradation.
