The histological changes observed in ASDs can have several functional implications:
1. Impaired Neural Connectivity: Abnormalities in cortical organization and synaptic structure can disrupt neural connectivity, leading to impaired communication between different brain regions. This can affect cognitive processes such as language development, social interactions, and executive functions.
2. Altered Neurotransmission: Changes in synaptic function can affect the release and reception of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that transmit signals between neurons. This can lead to imbalances in neurotransmitter systems, contributing to the symptoms of ASDs.
3. Increased Neuroinflammation: Microglial activation and the associated inflammatory response can damage neurons and synapses, further exacerbating the histological and functional abnormalities in the brain.
