How do smooth muscle cells contribute to arterial function?

Smooth muscle cells in the tunica media enable arteries to regulate their diameter. This is essential for controlling blood flow and pressure. During vasoconstriction, smooth muscle cells contract, narrowing the artery and increasing blood pressure. Conversely, during vasodilation, they relax, widening the artery and decreasing blood pressure. These adjustments are vital for responding to the body's varying demands for oxygen and nutrients.