Microenvironments influence cell behavior through various mechanisms:
- Biochemical Signals: Cells respond to biochemical cues from the ECM and soluble factors, which can activate specific signaling pathways leading to changes in gene expression and cellular functions. - Mechanical Signals: The physical properties of the ECM, such as stiffness and elasticity, can affect cell morphology and behavior. For example, mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into different cell types depending on the stiffness of the ECM. - Cell-Cell Interactions: Direct contact between cells or interactions mediated by cell adhesion molecules can influence cell behavior. For instance, interactions between epithelial cells and fibroblasts can modulate tissue repair processes.
