Collectins function by recognizing and binding to carbohydrate patterns on the surface of pathogens, a process known as pattern recognition. Upon binding, collectins can neutralize pathogens directly or facilitate their clearance by enhancing phagocytosis. For instance, SP-A and SP-D in the lungs bind to pathogens and promote their uptake and destruction by alveolar macrophages. MBL, on the other hand, activates the lectin pathway of the complement system, leading to opsonization and lysis of pathogens.
